Confucian In Japan Essay Example for Free

Confucian In Japan Essay It is fundamental that anyone that wants to understand the Japanese understand their way of life, their cultural roots. To be Japanese is to be Confucian. In Japan, there is an order and a structure to every aspect of life from older brother to younger brother on up to emperor and military. There is a Confucian saying, a code of conduct that they live and die by. â€Å"Only when things are investigated is knowledge extended; only when knowledge is extended are thoughts sincere; only when thoughts are sincere are minds rectified; only where minds are rectified are the characters of persons cultivated; only when character is cultivated are families regulated; only when families are regulated are states well governed; only when states are well governed is there peace in the world† (Neo, â€Å"The Confucian Ethics of Raise the Red Lantern,† par. 1). Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor was strategic let me explain why and how. The rise of militarism in Japan wasn’t just sparked by the imperialist West. Japan has a long history of militarist behaviors and relationships internally and externally. Japan’s foundations in Confucianism exemplify their loyalty to master. This loyalty is first and foremost because, according to Confucius, the emperor is a mandate of heaven, hence, deifying the emperor. Militarism in Japan began to show itself during the Yamamoto period and has continued to grow throughout time. Military structure can be seen through the samurai class and the emergence of the shogun. Japan had almost a 300 year period of time where they remained closed. No one was allowed to leave and no one was allowed to enter. During this time, there weren’t any wars internally or externally. The West re-opened Japan as a stopping point for trade with China. The re-opening of Japan would ultimately be the beginning of hostility between Japan and the West. For some time after Japan had to modernize so that they could keep up with the West and be considered a world contender. â€Å"The Meiji Restoration ultimately revolutionized Japan. Within three years the new government had abolished the domain, erased hereditary status distinctions, and allowed people to change their occupations and move about the country. Ironically for a government that owed its origins to the movement to revere the emperor and expel the barbarians, it invited foreigners to educate Japanese in things Western and launched a drive to bring modern industry and a modern military to Japan† (Walthall 44). During Japan’s modernization and fight for supremacy, the West issued them unequal treaties for their military. The West did this several times. This decision would prove to be fatal for the West. In September 1940, Japan signed the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy. â€Å"Germany insisted that any alliance would have to be directed against the United States and Britain† (Craig 123). Germany ultimately betrayed Japan and in an act of desperation, Japan attacked the United States. When you consider Japan’s deep roots in Confucianism and their desire for supremacy, ethnically and militarily, it is easy to understand their disdain for the West. Japan knew that they had to learn from the West, emulate what they do as seen during the Meiji Restoration, in order to defeat them. Japan had the ability to take what the West taught and make it better. If you think about it, it was a brilliant plan. Japan’s only downfall was that their military was to spread out between China and the United States. Had they actually not been, we might actually live in a very different world. To say that the attack on Pearl Harbor was merely a tactical move completely underestimates the Japanese. It is a foolish way to think and discredits their history. Japan has a history that the West can draw from. It’s like comparing an old wise person to a young person. The attack on Pearl Harbor was a strategic move, one that failed, but strategic indeed. Walthall, Anne. Modern Japan. United States of America: Scholarly Resources Inc. , 2002. Craig, Albert M. The Heritage of Japanese Civilization. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2003. Neo, David. â€Å"The Confucian Ethics of Raise the Red Lantern. † Senses of Cinema. August 2004. 18 March 2009 http://archive. sensesofcinema. com/contents/cteq/04/33/raise_red_lantern. html.

Identify Current Thinking On Leadership

Identify Current Thinking On Leadership In the last few decade it has been found the relation between the effective leadership style and culture is very critical. For example, the multinational organization like Daimler Chrysler, IBM forces their HR and other department to recognize the culture limitation of the organization and the leadership style. A number of researchers have done their work on understanding the impact of culture on the leadership practices and vice versa (ea.,Gessner, Arnold, Mobley, 1999; Hofstede,1991;house, Hanges, Javidan, Dorfman, Gupta, (2004) Leslie Van Velsor,1998). International literature has been reviewed and the generalization of leadership theories being assessed by Dorfmen(2004) and chemers( 1997), both of them found out some mixed result, yet some behavioral like supportive leadership and transnational leadership style result similar across the culture. While the cultural consequences has been observed with directive leadership. From the last fifty years the thinking patterns about the leadership, whether in a board room or in communities has been heavily influenced by mode of heroic leadership. Traditionally the idea about the leadership was considered up to skills, qualities and behavior of individual who forces and influences other to take action and achieve the given task or common goal by using their position and power. But later on as the more studied and research on the topic has been done it has been found that this way of thinking is a mere part of leadership theory and it fail to explain the leadership as a process build by relationship that are dynamic, fluid and non-directive in nature. Leadership understanding is a unique process that requires to think very differently about the changes had taken place and how we work others individual and groups. To understand the Current leadership style and thinking it is necessary to understand the history about it. How it is developed or evolved. Unless by understanding them it is difficult to comment on their evaluation. This paper provides a brief summary of the different style leadership and their relation with cultural implication. A Brief History about Leadership Great Man theories: These theories are based on belief that leaders have some exceptional born qualities in them. Here the term man is used intentionally as it has been observed the leaders of primitive time are male whether from military, politics or king etc. these lead the next school of trait theories. Trait theories: This theory argues that leaders have some common trait among them. It can be said according this theory all leaders are having some common ingredient. Though this theory also fail to explain how the leader e.g. Margaret Thatcher or Winston Churchill with these characteristics fail to perform as a leader. While some despite having those trait became a successful leader. Behavioral theories: These theories are developed to explain the failure of Trait theory, the initial work to develop these theories has been started in 1940 to till 1960. These theories are based on leadership behavior rather than their trait. What leaders do rather than what the quality they have? Different style and pattern of behavior of leaders are analyzed and observed. This is one of the most interested area for practiced managers. (Arnold, Mobley, 1999; Hofstede,1991) Situational Leadership theories: This theory argues that different situation demand different type leadership style. Sometime it requires being autocratic, some time democratic some time participative. It recognizes the demand of situation and a leadership style has to be changed according to situation. It also suggests a different type of leadership style is required within the same organization at different level. Contingency Theory: It can be said it is the advancement of the Situational Leadership theory. Its focus on identifying the situational variable which predict the best suitable style of leadership style for the given situation. Transactional Theory: This theory emphasis the relation between the leader and the follower. It focuses on the mutual benefit and common interest. According to this theory, the leader commits something in return to his/her follower for favoring or following him or her. It is more or less give and take style, hence known as transactional theory as name suggest no bonding after the deliverable. Transformational Theory: The motto here is to change role of leadership by transformation, by motivation, by education, by emotion etc. New leadership theory Relates to Charismatic, Visionary, Transformational. In the 1980s, the new definition of a leader has been given by using the above word. Learning organizations and distributed leadership: All of the theories discussed above take an individualistic perspective of a leader, in current practices a new school of thought is becoming more popular known as dispersed leadership. This approach tells us to distribute leadership spread it across the organization, societies, geography, and politics. This approach sees leadership as a process that is diffused through the cultures, organization, societies rather than laying a few handful of people designated as leader. The locus has been shifted from developing a leader to developing leaderful organization or societies. It is evident from the above theory that none of the theory explains leadership comprehensively. The Distributed leadership practice fight with the idea of difficult time demand a transformational and charismatic leader. To satisfy this need there are a number of themes that are important for systematic analysis of leadership are context, perceived leadership, behavioral requirements, development methods and capabilities.( Dorfmen, 2004;chemers, 1997) Context: A leadership cannot be discussed in isolation it has some external environment some extraneous and variable factor. By considering this factor, a leadership style has to be evolved or developed. For example, the requirement of a government office job is quite different from those required private sector jobs. Alternatively, the requirement for a job academician or researcher the qualities might be different which required for a sales job. Perceived Need: A lot of researches in 1960s suggest that the context lead to the need. However from the late 1940s there has been a technical and social aspect to analysis of organization hence it is not surprising to see that some researchers argument over the ideological aspect to the perceived need for leadership. For example Top management do not buy the idea that people follow them because they have authorityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ they like to feel that they lead because they have the quality to lead (Miller and Form 1964) By putting aside the need of the top manager whether social or psychological and going by the perspective of stakeholders and other staff, the perceived leadership requirement for the situation depend upon the expectation of the individual and group involved as well as from the reality of situation too. It has been found the expectation of people and group themselves be a reflection of the existing belief, culture, and norms. For example leading a service centre is different from leading a audit team. The group members expectation from the leader is different in both the group due the culture, knowledge, belief and practice both the group follow. Hence affect the effective leadership style. Behavioral Requirements and competencies The leaders require having some behavioral requirement and competencies. Many models have been suggested to define these requirement and competencies. Though these three are common among them. Cognitive: Drawing the big picture and making direction to modify it. Making change happen: This quality talk about motivational skills and get the work done from the subordinate Inter-organizational: To work with the college and partner and create a healthy environment Current Thinking Transformational Leadership (TL) and Emotional Intelligence (EI) are the most popular views in the current moment. Though it cannot be suggested that they are right because they are popular rather they are right because indeed a lot of research and scholars work has been done on both the views and they explain the leadership up to a great extent in current scenario. (Miller and Forum 1964) Transformational Leadership Transformational leadership is more than transaction leadership. Anderson, TD(1992) talk transforming leadership is about vision, planning, communication and creative action which has a positive and motivating effect on the group and individual under a clear set of values and beliefs, to accomplish a desired measureable goals. This transforming moves similarly impact on the personal development and the productivity or corporation. It can be said the heart of transformational leadership is inspiring vision. The transformational leaders motivate people to achieve beyond expectation for the interest of group, corporation, and society on the verse of personal interest. TL makes a positive impact on morality, empowerment and motivation of an individual and group. (Routledge, 2006; Transformational Leadership; pg 34-38) The main characteristics of a TL is discussed by various leaders is highlighted below. Charismatic: Charismatic is a metaphor like a role model whom other follow and strive to emulate those characters who align the other people around a common goal and purpose. Inspirational: This word talks about the leadership quality, which provides the meaning and optimism about the common goal and its attainability. Intellectually Stimulating: This quality of the leader encourage the follower to develop a leader within them and verify the basic assumption involved in a project and consider the problem from a unique and new perspectives. Individually considerate: This quality of leader explain how leader work in a team, work with their follower , find out their need, figured out their self interest and develop their potential and how to enhance their expectations. A study conducted by Tom Peters found that TL leaders in the public sector where they took off their interest from the financial, management issue and government out target have had to go. On the other hand it can be said great characters are likely to have great weaknesses too, which lead to hamper their position, their colleagues, their followers and their organizations too. Although the above stanza portray the negative image of a transactional leader, but it cant be generalized because in the last decade it has been observed TL has moved beyond the Great Leader to distributed leadership and has been became a more balanced towards recognizing the importance of good management. Here the emphasis is given on the result, the process, the practices and a continuous learning environment for an individual and the for the group too. (John Storey Michael Fullan; Leading a cultural change) Emotional Intelligence (EI) Daniel Goleman has researched and written about the term a lot. According to him this term and its application to leadership behaviors to neuroscience in a manner that correlate human thinking and feeling and explain how our right brain concurs over the left. Hence to be a emotionally intelligent leader it is prerequisite to be self aware and self managed. The term given to this awareness is personal competences. Goleman found in his research that people with high EI score are more successful than the people who have lower EI. The Youngsters who were low on Emotional intelligence were prone to criminology. Hence Goleman has proved EI is a consideration of leadership. The social completeness the most critical for a leader comes from the development of the persona competences. These talk about social awareness and relationship management. A set of competencies lead to emotional intelligence. These skill set give the power the of understanding the persons ability, control and monitor his or her emotion efficient and effectively and to read the others and then manage and influence the other emotional state (Caurdon, 1999; Goleman, 1998). Goleman explain it within five dimensions. The following are the set behavioral attributes of the each area. Self- awareness the key stone of emotional intelligence, it is the ability of any individual to recognize the feeling of him or her and is to make an actual self- assessment and self-confidence. Self- Management is the art of controlling the disruptive emotions and to controls the impulses. Keep maintain the standards of honesty and integrity, be comfortable with the novel approaches and ideas and take the responsibility of somebody else performance. Motivation is the ability of a leader to influence the other people to outperform or facilitate towards the common goal. It consists of achievement, commitment, initiative, and optimism. Empathy word describes how a leader involved in the feelings, perspectives, concern and needs of the other. How a leader understands the problem of follower and rectifies them. Social Skills are basic to emotional intelligence. They include the persona of a leader his ability to get the desirable response from the others by communicating or presenting his or her viewpoint in a manner that is to be accepted by individuals and societies, inspire the individual and groups, nurturing the relationship, and working towards the common goal by creating group synergy. Past decade we have seen many leaders having great EI got succeeded in their life. Though it has been a topic of debate among emotional and intelligence which quality is more important for a leader. It can be said these two qualities are not complementary for a leader rather than these are supplementary quality. These work together, because an emotional leader has to be intelligent too or an intelligent leader has to be emotionally intelligent too. Culture Culture can be defined as knowledge, belief, idea and behavior, shared attitude, values, goal, and practices, custom and ritual performed by any individual and group or societies. The meaning of culture has been changed with the passage of time and from context to context. In early eighteenth and nineteenth century in Europe culture is considered as the improvement in cultivation, in the same way it had various definition with time to time. These points can be said about the culture. (John Story and Michel Fullan) A phenomenon wave, which surround us Culture itself tells us how it is evolved and helps us to understand its creation, development, manipulation and management. A leadership cannot be defined in isolation without considering the cultural. To understand and an organization or society it is imperative to understand its culture. Culture is a combination of customs and rights. Good managers must know and understand the customs and rights. Each organization has their own set of belief and standard referred as culture. As an outsider approach to any organization he needs to understand the culture at first of the organization or society. It Consist of the language, customs, traditions, standards and values, published and publicly announced values, philosophy, rules in organization, group interaction, thinking pattern, paradigms and shared knowledge for socialization and symbols meanings. Leader must adopt and suit their style according to situation and culture in which they operate. For example what works in china may or may not be likely to work in Canada or France. One can be effective in Canada by humiliating the departmental store employee but thats not guarantee that it will be applicable to Japan and India. As different individual needs different treatment based upon their culture. If humiliated employee leave the organization hence it creates more difficulties for a leader as he need to hire another one train him hours and to tell him process and systems and it will take some time for the employee to get acquainted with the new organization. National Culture affects the leadership style due to that a leader cannot choose their style at their own wish. There are some societal constraints over that. For example in Korea a leader is expected to be caring about their follower while in the Arab a leader is who shows kindness and generosity without being asked is considered by other Arab as week. In Japan leaders are expected to be humble and participative in common forum. Consisting with the contingency approach, a leader need to adjust their working style according to the aspect the organization, industry and culture in which they operate. For example a manipulative or altercative style is compatible with high power distance, like Russia, Spain, Far East, Latin Countries and Spain. While a participative style is most likely to be associated with culture with low distance like Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland. Power distance ranking is a good indicator of employee willingness to accept of participative or autocratic leadership. (Globe Project) Conclusion No theory or model is able to explain and provide a satisfactory explanation of leadership. Indeed there is no common consensus on the meaning or definition of leadership among all theory and scholars in first place. Most of the theory is extension or improved version of the pervious theory or partial explanation of leadership within itself. Many theories are based on personal or even limited, biased research referring to particular philosophical or ideological points of view. As a researcher get the answer of the question as he or she asks. As per Yukis wide-ranging review of the leadership literature in 1989 most of the theories are conceptually weak and lack in strong empirical support. Numbers of empirical studies on leadership has been done but the result are most of the time are contradictory or inconclusive. A related shortcoming of the current leadership is the separation of tracks like cognitive, emotional, spirituality and behavioral aspects. None of the theories and model has been reviews except servant leadership theory address the spiritual element of peoples life. Some theory is superficial like research by the industrial society in 1996. Though its debatable whether leadership affects the culture or culture affect the leadership, as both are interrelated they cannot run in isolation of each other. A leader cannot be successful if he does not follow the culture norms. Or if the leader is so much powerful then he can spoil the culture and create a new society or culture. But history has proved even the government, king and leader who autocratic and tries to implement their ideas and thought without understanding the demand of society or culture fail to perform. Hence it is very imperative to be any leader to align their leadership style with the culture of particular society and what the time demand.

The Influences On Youth Today English Language Essay

The Influences On Youth Today English Language Essay Based on this chart is talk about my survey report on the people of the modern era to the age of the cinema. We can know that from this chart of survey report, that show the most of the female at 13 to 18 years old are more likely to watching movies at cinema. And the female above 19 to 25 years old are less to watch movies at cinema, that is because most people between this age are having a job and they are busy in their working so that why are few of the female in this age to watch movies at cinema. The male in between 13 to 18 years old is less than half of the males like to watch movies at cinema because they more likely to go to cyber cafà © sit down and play the computer games with friends. The age of the males between 19 to 25 years old normally is like to watch movies at cinemas but they only go at when they are free or off day of the job. Compare the age and the number of the female and male in my survey, the most in age 13 to 18 years old is more likely to watch movies at cinema and they most are agree that cinemas play an important part in the lives of the youths of the world now, especially the female they are strongly agree that. And they had learn more good things when they watch movies at the cinema, because have some movies are show the social problem in nowadays, and they can learn a lot of communication when they watching movies. And most the age in 19 to 25 years old, the people between in this age is normally willing to watch movies in cinema, because have some people say that cinema is so expensive for them, and cinema had spend their time. They more likely to spend their time at working and stay at home for rest when they are free or day off of their job. 1.1.1 Report of Survey conducted to research the influences on youth today III Based on this chart, I had done a research on movies goers about how cinema influences youth today. Over 60% people are agree the cinemas are playing an important part in the lives of youth of the world, and 17% people are going to be neutral and disagree. I had asking a questions about the youths spending more time watching movies, have over 50% people agree this question we ask, and 27% of people neutral, only 17% of people are disagree the youths are spending their time in cinemas. 60% people agree watching movies in the cinema is expensive but only 10% of the people arent agree watching movies in cinemas is expensive. Have above 40% of people are thought watching movies in the cinema is better than buying pirated discs, because buy an original pirated disc is expensive than watching at cinemas. Only few percent of people more likely buy the pirated discs watching at home. Have 33% of the people are agree cinemas should encourage more educational movies, because nowadays the youth s are like to watching movies at cinemas, so that cinemas can take this opportunity to transmit some education of social to the youth. And 30% of people have learn more good things when they watching movies, because some the movies is encourage a good situation and culture. And 40% of the people agree the cinemas help a lot in reducing study stress among youth that is because watching movies at cinema is an entertainment to the youth for spending their time. Have 50% of the people are agree movies played at the cinema create fantasies for youth. 1.2 Conclusion In my conclusion, movie is a mass media and a lot of people interested in watching movies to spend their time, it is the pass time activity for most of the youth. At cinema they can learn a lot of good things as well as bad things by watching movies. As they are all know it is a time pass event, so they were not get more impact with it but sadly got some people are getting the addicted with the movies and heroes and following their activity in their real life. However, cinema is playing an important part in the live of youth of the world now and cinema can be an entertainment activity for the youth. Answer 2.0 Question 2 Law KahMun 23, Jalan Medan, Taman Gemilang, 32110, Ipoh. Perak. Dato Sri MohdNajib Bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak 55, Jalan Sultan, Taman Seri, 33350, Ipoh, Perak. 22 October 2012 Dear Sir, The teaching of Science and Mathematicsin English. English makes up the main teaching language in schools for mathematics and science subjects. However, English is usual language around of the world, so that important to everyone. In Malaysia, our English education is being weak and lacking, students have to improve their English communicate and the knowledge. English must be in form better teaching; we should be having more classes or more subjects in English to improve their language knowledge. Another hand, English language is using everyday life in classroom and use at anywhere or maybe uses English to make a conversation with other people from others countries. Thus, English language should be implemented to all the students and teacher before they could learn and teach science and mathematics effectively. Implement English language in subject science and mathematics it is convenient to giving students a good basically english language knowledge and students can easily to adapt this two subject because almost company are using E nglish to operation the work and the name of science and mathematics is all in English. 2. English is inspecting an important language for immediate acquisition of knowledge in the subject of science and mathematics. In addition, is only Malaysia willing to use Malay language to teaching science and mathematics this two subject , because in this two subject is most to use English education for the teaching.Here have news about the teaching of science and mathematics in English, Malaysia has taught science and mathematics in English since 2003, when former Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohamad implicate English language in the two subjects of science and mathematics, he was to improved their English and employability.The students in rural district who are mainly in Malay, they are most suffered to learn this two subject of science and mathematics because theirEnglish proficiency was low.The Associated Press quoted Education Minister MuhyiddinYassin as saying. He said the government would to recruit more teachers and increase English classes in an effort to improve English levels in schools. A professor head of the school of arts and social sciences at Monash University in Malaysia call James Chin, he had said the resolution also became a political issue. And he said they decided to buckle under the pressure from the Malay nationalists who argue that by teaching students in English you are neglecting the position of the national language, so that think what it shows is that the Malay nationalists feel that U.M.N.O. is very weak so that they can force U.M.N.O. to do a lot of thing. 3. In this case, Im proposal using English to teaching these subjects of science and mathematics. Nowadays, English has set up itself as the most important language for trade as well as to learn it. So that is why how importance in learning Englishevery day. Hence now already taught English in science and mathematics, students are to be used the English in science and mathematics, so its shouldnt to change the language because most of the reference books are written in English.For example, a company is also use the term of mathematics in English, because that is easy expand to the outside world, this is importance in the business district where the business to develop a business or produces their data of the business, so it is important if the person wants to stay competitive in job fields. Thus, it is a very good way to learn science and mathematics in English as all the students can manage with their future studies.On top of that, government should be continue teaching science and mathematics in English and wont make it difficult for the students or it can comply with any jobs for further about these two subjects and students can adapt more easily to any university especially the overseas university. 4. As our standard of English language dropped significantly, government should to treat this as opportunities for the students to brush up their knowledge of the language instead of protesting about it. Moreoverthey may not be geniuses, but at least they can improve their language to be well by studying both subjects in English.Consequently, canmake their English better and obtain an advantage of using the same term in higher learning and references or the students have a chance to learn more about the international language of English. However, many parents and employers are also required to use English teaching both of these subjects, if the government taught Malay language in the subjects it is difficult to survive in the private sector for future.Further, many parents and employers strongly agree government to use english in both of these subject it is because Malayessentially only in the kampongs. Thence, fluent command of English is extremely essential to keep the nation compe titive. If teachingin English will make Malaysia stay competitive in the international arena and seeing students have a great opportunity for future expansion, try to venture at others country mot only in Malaysia. 5. English language can be enhancing the skills of science and mathematics and to enable science teachers to teach effectively using English as the medium of instruction.News aboutthe past 15 years, 90 per cent of our students cannot get into UAE universities without foundation years to improve their English, which is eating into 30 per cent of the budget of higher education institutions, so that talk about the students weak in English language is hard to study in a good university and difficult to adapt because they were weak in English but the university is most taught English language in written and references books forasmuch the students cannot keep up their scores. Hope Imost honorable Prime Minister willing to caution considersour proposal. Thank you Your Faithfully, __________________ (LAW KAH MUN) 2.1 Conclusion In my opinion, Im proposing the government provide taught English language in teaching science and mathematics. That is because in Malaysia most students are having a weak standard in English. Teachers and school should be improve their English knowledge and balance the standard with language level. In now a day, Malaysia pupils are going to venture into others country or leave their hometown to go to others university for study and do a successful business, but if their basic is lower they are hard to adapt the university that is there is using higher English level and hard to understand the documents when they should write a report. As a result of, government should give students a good basic in English from primary school, so that students can extension their life of future.On top of that, the English language is generally considered as an international language in the lingua franca of the global community.However, this study can to improve the further by including all schools in Malaysia and promote the national level of education and culture.

Point Of View Essay :: essays research papers

In the short story "Through the tunnel", Doris Lessing describes the adventure of Jerry, a young English boy trying to swim through an underwater tunnel. Throughout the story, the author uses the third person omniscient point of view to describe the boy's surroundings and to show us both what he and the other characters are thinking and what is happening around them. By using this point of view, the author is able to describe the setting of the story, give a detailed description of the characters, and make the theme visible. By using the third person omniscient point of view, the narrator can give us a detailed and unbiased description of his/her surroundings while still retaining part of the character's view of reality. When the narrator says "It was a wild-looking place, and there was no one there" we are given the mother's view of the boy's beach, which in her opinion is "wild looking". This gives us a clear picture of the setting. Additionally, the sentence "He went out fast over the gleaming sand, over a middle region where rocks lay like discolored monsters under the surface, and then he was in the real sea - a warm sea where irregular cold currents from the deep water shocked his limbs" clearly describes the beach where the boy is swimming and how it is seen by him. With the addition of words like "discoloured monsters" and "real sea" we can tell what the boy's feeling are toward his beach which he considers scary but at the same time challeng ing. By using the third person omniscient point of view, the narrator is able to render the characters with information related both from direct description and from the other character's revelations. This way, the description remains unbiased, but at the same time coherent with how the various characters see it. For example, after the narrator tells us that "He was an only child, eleven years old. She was a widow. She was determined to be neither possessive nor lacking in devotion.", we are able to understand why the boy is so emotionally attached to his mother and, at the beginning, unwilling to ask her for permission to go to his beach and, later in the story, unwilling to let her know about his adventure through the tunnel. This also explains why the mother let him go without questions, even if she was very worried about him. Point Of View Essay :: essays research papers In the short story "Through the tunnel", Doris Lessing describes the adventure of Jerry, a young English boy trying to swim through an underwater tunnel. Throughout the story, the author uses the third person omniscient point of view to describe the boy's surroundings and to show us both what he and the other characters are thinking and what is happening around them. By using this point of view, the author is able to describe the setting of the story, give a detailed description of the characters, and make the theme visible. By using the third person omniscient point of view, the narrator can give us a detailed and unbiased description of his/her surroundings while still retaining part of the character's view of reality. When the narrator says "It was a wild-looking place, and there was no one there" we are given the mother's view of the boy's beach, which in her opinion is "wild looking". This gives us a clear picture of the setting. Additionally, the sentence "He went out fast over the gleaming sand, over a middle region where rocks lay like discolored monsters under the surface, and then he was in the real sea - a warm sea where irregular cold currents from the deep water shocked his limbs" clearly describes the beach where the boy is swimming and how it is seen by him. With the addition of words like "discoloured monsters" and "real sea" we can tell what the boy's feeling are toward his beach which he considers scary but at the same time challeng ing. By using the third person omniscient point of view, the narrator is able to render the characters with information related both from direct description and from the other character's revelations. This way, the description remains unbiased, but at the same time coherent with how the various characters see it. For example, after the narrator tells us that "He was an only child, eleven years old. She was a widow. She was determined to be neither possessive nor lacking in devotion.", we are able to understand why the boy is so emotionally attached to his mother and, at the beginning, unwilling to ask her for permission to go to his beach and, later in the story, unwilling to let her know about his adventure through the tunnel. This also explains why the mother let him go without questions, even if she was very worried about him.

One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest Essay -- essays research papers fc

As medical advances are being made, it makes the treating of diseases easier and easier. Mental hospitals have changed the way the treat a patient’s illness considerably compared to the hospital described in One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. â€Å" Please understand: We do not impose certain rules and restrictions on you with out a great deal of thought about their therapeutic value. A good many of you are in here because you could not adjust to the rules of society in the Outside World, because you refused to face up to them, because you tried to circumvent them and avoid them. At some time – perhaps in your childhood – you may have been allowed to get away with flouting the rules of society. When you broke a rule you knew it. You wanted to be dealt with, needed it, but the punishment did not come. That foolish lenience on the part of your parents may have been the germ that grew in to your present illness. I tell you this hoping you will understand that it is entirely for your own good that we enforce discipline and order.† (Kesey 188).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This comment made by the â€Å" Big Nurse† in the story implies that she is telling the patients that the reason they have this disease is that they want to receive punishment when they did wrong or to attract attention to themselves. In no way is this the case with schizophrenia. The patients did not develop this illness because of lack of discipline from their parents or because the wanted attention. This dreaded disease is one that is unexplained and a cure is has yet to be found, although there are ways to treat the illness at the present time. Every year one hundred thousand young Americans are diagnosed with the disease schizophrenia (Carman Research). Schizophrenia is a brain disorder that is associated with unnatural behavior or thinking . The disease usually affects people during the late adolescence stage or early adulthood, typically during this time they develop the symptoms linked to the disease. The most typical symptoms of schizophrenia are things such as, hearing things that others cannot, such as voice of people whispering, having a feeling that someone is going out of their way to make sure they harm you, having visions of things that people around you cannot see, receiving special messages from the television, radio, and other appliances, felling that you posses special powers that ca... ...ending on the size and tolerances of the patients, the voltages could have ranged anywhere form 70 to 130 volts. As a direct effect from the large amounts of electricity being imposed into the patient’s body they will lose consciousness almost immediately. The shocks sent them in to convulsions or seizures and therefore increased their insulin levels. After a patient regains consciousness, he or she will not remember any of the events of being shocked. (Noyes and Kolb). As the treat for this disease improves the people effected by it will have a better chance to live a normal life with out the fear of being seen as a out cast. Works Cited Kesey, Ken. One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. The Viking Press. New York. 1973. Page 188. Noyes, Arthur P. M.D. and Kolb, Lawrence C. M.D. Shock and Other Physical Therapies. In One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest Text and Criticism: The Viking Press. New York. 1973. Page 499. Long, Phillip W. M.D. â€Å"Schizophrenia: Youth’s Greatest Disabler.† British Columbia Schizophrenic Society. 8th edition. April 12, 2000. www.Mentalhealth.com. â€Å"Schizophrenia.† Carman Research. September 17, 2000. http://www.carmanresearch.com/schizophrenia.html.

The Count Of Monte Cristo :: essays research papers

The Count of Monte Cristo The Count of Monte Cristo, written by Alexandre Dumas, tells the story of a man, Edmond Dantes, a sailor who goes through being betrayed by his enemies and thrown in to a dark prison cell to planning revenge on his enemies. His behavior and personality changes after spending 14 years in jail for a crime that he didn’t commit. Edmond Dantes was thrown in jail ,after being framed by his enemies, accused of committing treason and being a bonapartist. The story takes place during the Napoleonic Era while the usurper, Napoleon has escaped to his place of exile, the Isle of Elba, located in the Mediterranean Sea. The story of Edmond Dantes starts out as him being a sailor, aboard the Pharaon; he’s soon to become captain of the ship. Monsieur Morrel is the name of the owner of the Pharaon and a great friend of Dantes. He treats Edmond with great respect. There’s also a little special lady in Dantes life, the beautiful and wonderful Mercedes. A dream job and a dream wife, who could possibly want more? His dream soon becomes shattered by three of his enemies, Danglars, Fernand, and Caderousse. As these three people plot against Edmond, he is about to become married to the beautiful Mercedes. On his wedding day, his betrothal feast was interrupted when the police came barging through the door and arrested Edmond Dantes. Dantes was accused of giving a letter to the usurper while the Pharaon stopped on the Isle of Elba and returning a letter from the usurper to the Bonapartist party in Paris. After his arrest, Edmond was interrogated and questioned by the public prosecutor, Monsieur de Villefort. During the interrogation Villefort promised Edmond freedom, but that was before Monsieur de Villefort read the letter from the usurper addressed to Monsieur Noirtier, Villefort’s father. Edmond Dantes was sent to prison. Edmond Dantes imprisonment made a huge impact on his life. He spent 14 years in the dark and quiet Chateau d’If. During those 14 years he met a priest, Abbe Faria, which they met each other through a secret tunnel in which they both have created while in prison. An amazing transformation takes place in Edmond Dantes as he learns about his enemies and a large hidden treasure that contains a large sum of money. Abbe Faria is a very smart man, while in prison he taught Dantes many useful knowledge including the whereabouts of a large treasure located on the Isle of Monte Cristo.

Research Paper on Smoking Essay

Recently there has been an abundance of media coverage regarding a public’s â€Å"war of smoking.† Recently, Washington state has begun taking vital steps to prohibit smoking in public areas in order to make Washington a better place. There are many arguments about the smoking. The health issues for the smoker and those around them increase the prices and the social unaccepted of the act. Smoking is dangerous for smoker and for the one who is around the smoker. Firstly, smoking is dangerous for smoker, when smokers are smoking, will take lung cancer. The most common form of cancer diagnosed in United States is lung cancer. Lung cancer accounts for 14% out of all cancers, and 28% out of all cancer deaths. (ALA Lung cancer Fact Sheet) According to the American Lung Association, â€Å"Cigarette smoking is responsible for an estimated 87% of lung cancer deaths, or seven out of eight† (American Lung Association). Cigarette contains more than 400toxic and 4000 chemical compounds. Nicotine is the most addictive substance in tobacco. Smoking decreases the level of oxygen from reaching the tissues, giving rise to different health problems such as strokes, heart attacks or miscarriages. Nicotine is increases cholesterol levels in the body and carbon monoxide, which decreases the amount of oxygen within the body. When cholesterol level is increase in blood, increases the chance that a heart attack. Smoking also caused of chronic coughing, short ness of breath, premature aging, recurrent infections and reduced overall fitness (Diseases Caused by Smoking). Yang2 Another example of health issues originated from smoking is emphysema. The Lung Association states that when one has emphysema, some of the air sacs in smoker’s lungs are damaged (The Lung Association). Emphysema does not develop suddenly, it comes very slowly. Years of exposure to cigarettes causes the development of emphysema. Secondly, smoking is also dangerous for non-smokers. Lung cancer is not only a trouble for the smoker, but it is also a trouble for the non-smokers. The indirect effect of smoking comes from two places; smokers breathe out from the other person smoking, and smoke from the end of a burning cigarette  (American Lung Association). The American Lung Association said, â€Å"Indirect smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals; 200 are poisons and 43 cause of cancer.†(The American Lung Association) When non-smokers are stay nearby smoker, they will get some harmful effects. Kinds of cough, nausea, headache, eye irritation, sore throat, dizziness even cancer. Workplaces alone could stop over 32,000 cancer deaths and over 75,000 heart disease deaths. According to the government, 83% of worker health complaints related to trouble with indoor air quality will decrease when workplaces become smoke-free. Constant exposure to tobacco smoke in the workplace nearly doubles the risk of having a hea rt attack. Thirdly, prices of cigarettes have been going through a dramatic increase recently. The government thinks that the increase of price will protect or even get people to quit smoking (Higher Cigarette taxes). According to several studies the increase of cigarette taxes is one of the most effective ways to decrease smoking among teenager and adults (Tobacco Free Kids). These studies show that every 10% increase in the price of cigarettes will decrease total cigarette consumption by three to five percent and decrease teenager smoking by about 7% (Tobacco free Kids). If cigarette prices were increased 10% per pack throughout the country, it would decrease the number of teenagers who become regular smokers by more than a million, saving teenager from dependence, disease and death. Studies also show that people with low income are ones that respond to the increase of prices and end up quit smoking. It is proven that smoking levels are highest among people with low incomes. Lastly, former day, people could hardly find any places without someone smoking there. Now it is prohibited to smoke in public places in many countries. While the number of smokers is increasing, the number of places they can smoke is declining. Many provinces across Canada as well as the Washington states are making it a law that all restaurants and public areas have to be 100% smoke free (U.s. Environmental). A poll conducted by Washington state today shows that 70 % of participates preferred restaurants  that were smoke-free. Over the after 45 years, smoke-free (Research about cigarette). Everyone is at risk for diseases caused from smoking when they are in public places that are not smoke-free. Even with all the evidences that prove the dangers of smoking, some businesses still look down on banning this behavior (U.s. Environmental). There is no real evidence that proves going smoke-free is bad for the business. In fact, there are many positive outcomes when a business adopts s moke-free policy. For example, maintenance cost decreases when smoke, matches, and cigarette butts are eliminated in places. Also, hardware such as equipments, floors, and furniture last longer, and of course, people’s health is freed from danger (Higher Cigarette taxes). In result, many people have different opinions about smoking. There are many characteristic proving smoke-free places are beneficial for many reasons. The government is also trying different methods to induce people to stop smoking. The great increase in cigarette prices is the main one. They figure that this will stop people not to even start smoking. Many businesses today are changing what was used to be normal in a public area: smoking. Smoke free businesses are becoming more and more common. There is no real evidence that shows that adopting smoke-free policy is harmful to businesses. It helps out the business in many areas such as maintenance. People have different opinions, but researchers prove that smoke-free public areas are good for other people’s health, not just smokers’ health. Eventually one day the society will be 100% smoke free. BIBLOIGRAPHY American Lung Association, â€Å"Cigarette smoking is responsible for an estimated 87% of lung cancer deaths, or seven out of eight† (http://www.lungusa.org/stop-smoking/about-smoking/health-effects/smoking.html) The American Lung Association said, â€Å"Indirect smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals; 200 are poisons and 43 cause of cancer ( http://www.lungusa.org/stop-smoking/about-smoking/facts-figures/general-smoking-facts.html) The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) indirect smoking is known as the cause of cancer (http://www.epa.gov/smokefree/healtheffects.html) The Lung Association states that when one has emphysema, some of the air sacs in his lungs are damaged (http://www.lungusa.org/lung-disease/emphysema/) The government thinks that the increase of price will protect or even get people to quit smoking, The increase of price will make them think two times about smoking. Quitting will save them money and reduce their financial needs (http://www.aafp.org/online/en/home/publications/news/news-now/health-of-the-public/20090303smoke-tax.html) According to several studies the increase of cigarette taxes is one of the most effective ways to decrease smoking among teenager and adults, These studies show that every 10 percent increase in the price of cigarettes will decrease total cigarette consumption by three to five percent and decrease teenager smoking by about 7% (http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/what_we_do/federal_issues/federal_tobacco_taxes/) Yang6 The increase of cigarette taxes is one of the most effective ways to decrease smoking among teenager and adults(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC539350/) Many provinces across Canada as well as the Washington states are making it a law that all restaurants and public areas have to be 100% smoke free(http://www.city-data.com/forum/politics-other-controversies/99626-positive-effects-non-smoking.html) A poll conducted by Washington states today shows that 70 % of participates preferred restaurants that were smoke-free. Over the after 45 years, smoke-free(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9791529) Even with all the evidences that prove the dangers of smoking, some businesses still look down on banning this behavior (http://www.davehitt.com/facts/banlinksarchive2.html) Hardware such as equipments, floors, and furniture last longer, and of course, people’s health is freed from danger (http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/02/10/tech/main6194761.shtml)